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Historical borders as a factor influencing socio-geographical differentiation - example of Czechia and Poland
Torgalo, Alexandr ; Netrdová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Burda, Tomáš (referee)
Historical border is any national or administrative boundary that has disappeared in the past. These boundaries are often still visible in the landscape, e.g., physically in the form of boundary stones. However, sometimes these boundaries have an impact in the socio-economic environment, long decades and sometimes centuries after their function have ceased. They are a common phenomenon in Europe where boundary changes have been frequent, especially in Poland and Ukraine. The aim of this thesis is to measure the effect of historical borders on contemporary spatial differentiation of socio-economic phenomena using the example of Czechia and Poland, focusing on the border of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in Czechia and the borders of European powers after the so-called third partition of Poland. It was examined on which sections of which types of borders the effect is most visible, on which types of spatial phenomena the historical borders have the greatest impact, and how the strength of the border effect and the spatial distribution of socio-economic phenomena have changed over the last 20 years. It was found that after 2011, the effect of historical borders in both Czechia and Poland is weakening, especially in demographic indicators, as the former German territories of both countries no...
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Border Effect and Openness of Chinese Economy
Zacharuk, Pavel ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Cazachevici, Alina (referee)
The ratio of China's aggregate exports and aggregate imports to GDP has been decreasing in recent years, which seems to contradict many claims about China striving for increased openness about their economy. Our hypothesis is that the decrease might be connected with the development of GVCs and asymmetric improvement of transportation in China, driven by evolution of infrastructure. We have used simplified regionalization methods and regional input-output analysis in order to identify trend of interregional trade. The results show increase in interregional trade which does not refute this hypothesis.
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Empirical Essays in Institutional Microeconomics
Schwarz, Jiří ; Bauer, Michal (advisor) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee) ; Bjørnskov, Christian (referee) ; Berggren, Niclas (referee)
The dissertation consists of three empirical papers in institutional microeconomics. The first paper examines the role of institutional quality in international trade, the second paper focuses on unintended consequences of intellectual property rights for social welfare, and the last one addresses the impact of banking on corporate financing and investment. An introductory chapter puts these three papers into perspective. In the first paper I analyze the role of institutions in price dispersion among cities in the European region in the 1996-2009 period. Using a number of institutional quality measures I find that the better the institutions, the lower the predicted dispersion. The result is robust to different specifications of the regression model and is consistent with a hypothesis that arbitrage, as an entrepreneurial activity and the main power behind the law of one price, is influenced by institutional quality. In the second paper I use a large data set of U.S. patents applied for between 1980 and 2007 by 22 large technology companies to study development of strategic patenting over time and across industries. Using two complementary methods I reveal strong evidence against the hypothesis of more strategic patenting after 1995. Contrary to the expectations, aerospace patents appear to be on average...
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